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Figure 2, “A Noble Scholar,” Five needle pine. Designed by Zhao Qingquan.
Figure 3, Drawing of pine from the Mustard Seed Garden Painter’s Manual.
Figure 4, “Out of Mountain Passes.” Sargent’s juniper. Designed by Zhao Qingquan.
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nobility, and simplicity are characteristic of literati culture. These
same characteristics are often found in literati penjing and inform
the present work. The centrality of literati virtues is sufficiently
important that the penjing chosen for the cover photograph
is named “Sharp Sense of Integrity.” The penjing depicted in
Figure 2—“A Noble Scholar” is also expressive of the literati ideal.
In his lecture, Eno goes on to observe:
“Literati painting was conceived as a mode of painting
through which the Confucian junzi (noble person) expressed
his ethical personality. It was much less concerned with techni-
cal showiness. Literati painters specialized in plain ink paint-
ings, sometimes with minimal color. They lay great emphasis
on the idea that the style with which a painter controlled his
brush conveyed the inner style of his character—brushstrokes
were seen as expressions of the spirit more than (they) were
matters of composition or skill in realistic depiction.”
Consider the simplicity of the rendering in Figure 3. It depicts a
pine and was taken from the culturally iconic Mustard Seed Garden
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