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to video production (which allowed me to combine
                                                                          work with bonsai and an alternative artistic outlet).
                                                                          I began filming, editing, and producing The Bonsai
                                                                          Art of Japan video series on Youtube in 2011, and it’s
                                                                          since expanded to include more than 50 videos, 11,000
                                                                          subscribers, and 2 million views.
                                                                          How did you become interested in bonsai and what
                                                                          led you to the traditional path of apprenticeship?
                                                                          I was first exposed to bonsai at the age of 12 when I
                                                                          saw the Karate Kid movies, and I received my first tree
                                                                          for my 13th birthday. As with many people, it quickly
                                                                          became an all-consuming obsession and the rest is
                                                                          history as they say. After graduating from university, I
                                                                          wasn’t interested in jumping into the larger workforce,
                                                                          and I felt that the opportunity was ripe for undertak-
                                                                          ing a formal bonsai apprenticeship in Japan. Looking
                                                                          back on that decision, I have to say it seems a bit crazy
                                                                          to have made, but I couldn’t be happier that I did.

                                                                          How does Keiichi Fujikawa evaluate a potential
                                                                          apprentice?
                                                                          When I arrived in Japan in 2008, as Fujikawa-san’s
                                                                          first apprentice, he offered me a three-month trial pe-
                                                                          riod before accepting me to a full apprenticeship. This
                                                                          seems to be the normal procedure at most nurseries
                                                                          around the country, both for foreign and Japanese na-
                                                                          tional apprentices. Many of our current apprentices at
                                                                          Kouka-en went through the same type of probation
                                                                          process; however, most of them first came as short-
                                                                          term students to the Fujikawa School before becom-
                                                                          ing apprentices at a later date. The school has proven
                                                                          to be a great way for Fujikawa-san to get to know the
                                                                          students on a somewhat friendlier level before dis-
                                                                          cussing the possibility of apprenticeship. Because the
                                                                          apprentices work day-in and day-out in close quarters,
                                                                          Fujikawa-san really looks for individuals with person-
                                                                          alities that mesh well with his own and with the other
                                                                          apprentices in the nursery. Strong work ethic and an
                                                                          open desire to learn are also characteristics that are es-
                                                                          sential to a successful apprenticeship, so Fujikawa-san
                                                                          is always searching for individuals with these traits.

                                                                          What were some of your earliest challenges when
                                                                          you first started your apprenticeship? Was there a
                                                                          separate focus on learning the language?
                                                                          I would say the language barrier was perhaps the most
        Top; Naoki Maeoka from Japan   him some of these questions which he answered in the   difficult obstacle to overcome when I first arrived as an
        was the second apprentice to   following interview, an interview that I hope will aug-  apprentice. Before beginning my apprenticeship, I had
        join Kouka-en in 2010.  ment your viewing experience of Continuum when   studied Japanese language at university; however, my
        Middle; David Martinez from   you show it to your club.           studies were almost exclusively reading and writing
        Mexico cleans trees in the
        winter season with a small                                        based, so I had little or no experience speaking the
        brush.                BCI: Not only did you film this documentary, you   language. After arriving at Kouka-en nursery, though,
        Bottom; Keiichi explains   also are the narrator and composed some of the mu-  I was able to quickly pick up the necessary phrases
        the work that must be    sic. Tell me a little about your interest in film, music   to get by, and I’ve since developed a decent level of
        accomplished with this maple.  and music composition.             language proficiency. I would also say that adjusting
                              Bjorn Bjorholm: Before coming to Japan, I had played   to the work-life of an apprentice was a very difficult
                              guitar in a rock band and had recorded and produced   process. Bonsai are living objects and require daily
                              albums for a handful of other groups in the US. Af-  care, which means we operate seven days per week.
                              ter starting my apprenticeship, though, I didn’t really   Time off is scarce (in most cases 2 days per month,
                              have any free time to play, so I shifted my attention   sometimes less depending on how busy our schedule

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