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trunks using wire or nylon tread. Once we are done,
                                                                          the tree is allowed to rest. During the rest period, the
                                                                          tree will naturally try to heal itself, creating wound
                                                                          calluses and new wood. A year later or sometimes
                                                                          longer, depending on the physical health of the tree,
                                                                          the wounds will be ready to be worked on again and
                                                                          the process is repeated. This gradual development of
                                                                          trunk lines, as well a jin and shari development, repli-
                                                                          cates the rugged and gradual weathering that occurs
                                                                          in nature. As the wood will have natural contours rep-
                                                                          resenting each stage of bark elimination, the resulting
                                                                          dead wood portions mimic the high mountain quality
                                                                          of natural junipers.

                                                                            Contrast with Carving Wood (Mu Diaoke)
                                                                            Wood carving consists of creating dead wood
                                                                          features by means of carving along the wood grain.
                                                                          Although it offers immediate results and is a valid
                                                                          method of creation, the resulting wood is often softer.
                                                                          Furthermore, the average bonsai enthusiast may not
                                                                          have the necessary technical skills to perform this
                                                                          process, thus resulting in the loss of the material. As
                                                                          the journey in bonsai creation is always the road to
                                                                          success, gradual development of deadwood features
                                                                          not only offers a safer approach to jin, shari and stock
                                                                          development, but also results in durable and natural
                                                                          looking elements. A combination of both methods is
                                                                          also possible.





                                                                          Top right; Cutting-grown Taiwan Juniper bonsai
                                                                          Top left; Marking the tree trunk with colored chalk for bark removal
                                                                          and line creation.
                                                                          Middle left; After removing bark.
                                                                          Bottom left; Another juniper undergoing the bark removal process.


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