Page 211 - Ebook cây cảnh Art of Bonsai

Plant care directory 211

techniques work very well. Trim it to shape and sends out roots even if it is collected buds will then break further in the tree. Allow
throughout the year. without any. It also responds well to regular them to extend a little further before pinching
Propagation Cuttings, seed. pruning and defoliation. again. Repeatedly doing this will build up
Hardiness/Location Frost tender, zone 10, foliage density on the branches. Thin out
Nothofagus antarctica Antarctic suitable for tropical and subtropical areas congested nodes to the two horizontally fall,
beech This has very small leaves and only. It will suffer under 55°F (13°C). Position but do not add too much exaggerated
delicate branching. it in direct sunlight all day. movement. Spread out and layer the
Watering Do not allow it to dry out: it may be secondary branches and then build up bulk
Nothofagus procera Fast-growing tree necessary to water three or four times a day. through pinching and pruning. They are
that offers rich fall tints. Fertilizing Fertilize heavily and regularly for generally upright trees with straight trunks.
best results. Windswept and literati styles are appropriate.
Transplanting/Soil A highly aerated soil is Propagation From seed or cuttings.
Olea
ideal, so use a lava-rock-based mix. The roots
OLIVE are very tender, so care must be taken with Picea abies Norway spruce This is
This is a very good species for bonsai: it is repotting. Washing the soil out of the pot and native to Europe, with slightly coarse foliage
hardy, resilient, and responds well to bonsai replacing works well. so it is suited for a larger tree. Many cultivars
techniques. It tolerates a wide climatic range, Pests/Diseases Caterpillars and root exist, including dwarf varieties.
but thrives in very warm conditions. It can nematodes can be attracted to this tree.
flower and fruit—but it is unusual to see this Adding organic material such as crushed Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce
on bonsai—and will send out new shoots on crab or lobster shells prevents this. Native to western North America, it has
old wood, even from the trunk. Deadwood Pruning/Styling Wire the main skeleton and lovely blue-green foliage and distinctive
features can be very hard and full of prune it to shape, using corrective wire to bark characteristics on collected trees.
character. If you provide enough light and shape the main secondary branches.
ventilation, olives may be grown indoors, but Propagation Cuttings. Picea glauca White spruce, Alberta
it is better suited to outdoor cultivation. spruce Found in the northern states of the
Hardiness/Location Frost tender, zones 7–10. US and Canada, a number of ornamental dwarf
Protect from frost, provide warmth, and Picea cultivars exist that are used for bonsai.
olives grow all year round. Place them in SPRUCE
full sun, even in the hottest conditions. Well suited to more northerly cool temperate Picea glehnii Ezo spruce Often confused
Watering It is drought tolerant but keeping climates, spruce can become full-of-character with P. jezoensis, the two species are
it well watered allows the tree to thrive. bonsai with small needles and dense foliage remarkably similar and come from the
Fertilizing Be sure to do this throughout pads. The branches tend to develop in whorls, northernmost island of Japan and the Russian
the growing season. and multiple shoots will grow from one node, Sakhalin islands. Collected specimens exhibit
Transplanting/Soil Transplant every two so regular thinning out is important. Layer the compact foliage and great bark characteristics.
years in warm climates, less frequently in branches and avoid styling them like junipers
colder ones. Use a free-draining soil; it grows for good results. With correct care they send
well in a lava-based mix. out adventitious buds, and shoot pinching in Pinus
Pests/Diseases Generally pest free. spring will encourage internal growth. PINE
Pruning/Styling Olives respond well to Branches should be styled relatively This is one of the most common genera for
pruning, but allow the shoots to extend straight, dropping down from the trunk. bonsai, with a wide range of leaf, bark, and
before wiring and shaping, pruning back Hardiness/Location Hardy, zones 2–7. It growth characteristics from varieties around
to shape. It can be defoliated if healthy. tolerates cold but protect pots from extensive the world. There are lots of variations in the
Secondary branching can be easily created freezing, and also from cold winds. It does care and cultivation for each type, and much
through clip and grow techniques. best in dappled shade; keep it out of intense is dependent on the location and vigor of
Propagation Cuttings of any size can be taken. heat during the height of summer. the tree. One thing that is common is the
Watering Spruce does not like to be overly importance of the root system. Pines rely on
Olea europaea It has a slightly larger leaf wet or dry, and has a moderate drought a strong, healthy root system that has a large
size, which will reduce with cultivation. tolerance. Use a well-draining, aerated soil amount of beneficial mycorrhizae to assist the
mix, and water when the surface begins to dry. uptake of moisture and nutrients. Water and
Olea europaea var. sylvestris This very Fertilizing Throughout the growing season. oxygen levels in the soil play an important
small-leaf variety is collected in parts of Transplanting Once established, wait as long part in this relationship. Energy balancing in
Spain, particularly Majorca. Some incredible as you can—as long as the soil allows water to the tree is very important to stop apical and
specimens display interesting character, with pass through. Four to five years is ideal. terminal bud dominance. Pruning back strong
very dense branching and deadwood features. Pests/Diseases There can be fungal issues growth to assist the weak is very important.
with needle cast if it is too humid or if there Needle plucking can be done on some species
is poor air flow. Spruce spider mites are to balance the amount of energy created in
Pemphis acidula
a problem in hot dry weather. Yellowing of a branch by reducing the number of older
PEMPHIS the internal foliage is the first sign of these needles. Never remove all of the needles.
This shrub is found in tropical regions, microscopic pests. Pines prefer slightly acidic soil, so if your
especially in the Philippines. A coastal tree, it Pruning/Styling Allow the buds to break and water is very alkaline (hard water) then you
thrives if the foliage is sprayed with sea water begin to push out before pinching it back to may need to correct this with occasional
daily. It is very vigorous, buds on old wood, leave a half inch or so of the new growth. New acidic fertilizer. Pines are suitable for most